Adversary

Adversary

Definition(s)

Adversary

An individual, group, organization, or government that conducts or has the intent to conduct detrimental activities. From: DHS Risk Lexicon Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards

Adversary

Individual, group, organization, or government that conducts or has the intent to conduct detrimental activities Sample Usage: Al-Qaeda is an adversary of the United States. Annotation:
  1. An adversary can be hypothetical for the purposes of training, exercises, red teaming, and other activities.
  2. An adversary differs from a threat in that an adversary may have the intent, but not the capability, to conduct detrimental activities, while a threat possesses both intent and capability.
Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

Canadian Standards Association

Any individual, group, organization, or government that conducts activities detrimental to an operator’s assets or has the intention and capability to conduct such activities. Note: An adversary can include political and terrorist groups, criminals, disgruntled employees, and private interests; an adversary can also include site insiders, site outsiders, or the two acting in collusion. (Source: Security Vulnerability Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries). Source: Canadian Standards Association, Z246.1-09, Security management for petroleum and natural gas industry systems, August 2009, Regional Standards

Adverse Conditions

Adverse Conditions

Definition(s)

Adverse Conditions

Adverse conditions "Adverse conditions" mean sea conditions with the following parameters:

Significant wave height hs, m

Peak wave period TP, s

Mean wind speed Vw, m/s

5.5

7.0 to 15.0

19.0
  Source: Resolution MEPC.232(65), 2013 Interim Guidelines for determining minimum propulsion power to maintain the manoeuvrability of ships in adverse conditions, 17 May 2013, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Adverse Physiological or Toxicological Effects

Adverse Physiological or Toxicological Effects

Definition(s)

Adverse Physiological or Toxicological Effects

Adverse physiological or toxicological effects are considered to be evidence of cardiac sensitization, for the purposes of approving halocarbon fire-extinguishing agents in accordance with MSC/Circ.848 and MSC.1/Circ.1267. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1316, Guidelines on determining the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) values for halocarbon fire-extinguishing agents, 10 June 2009, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Aerosol

Aerosol

Definition(s)

Aerosol

Aerosol is a fire-extinguishing medium consisting of finely divided solid particles of chemicals released into a protected space as either condensed aerosol or dispersed aerosol. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1270, Revised Guidelines for the approval of fixed aerosol fire-extinguishing systems equivalent to fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems, as referred to in SOLAS 74, for machinery spaces, 4 June 2008, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Affected Parties

Affected Parties

Definition(s)

Affected Parties

The term "affected parties" will necessarily be interpreted broadly. This includes both public agencies and affected private organisations on the employer and employee side. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Framework Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
AFS Convention

AFS Convention

Definition(s)

AFS Convention

AFS Convention means the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001. Source: Resolution MEPC.207(62), 2011 Guidelines for the control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species, 15 July 2011, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
After-Flame Time

After-Flame Time

Definition(s)

After-Flame Time

After-flame time is the time during which the material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed or extinguished. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.307(88), International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures, 2010 (2010 FTP Code), 3 December 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Afterglow

Afterglow

Definition(s)

Afterglow

Afterglow means persistence of glowing of a material after cessation of flaming or after the ignition source has been removed. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.307(88), International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures, 2010 (2010 FTP Code), 3 December 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Agent

Agent

Definition(s)

Agent

Agent―the director of the Division of Minerals, the chief engineer thereof, or any of the district managers or their aides. Source: Natural Resources, Office of Conservation – General Operations, Louisiana Administrative Code, Title 43, Part XIX, March 2013. Regulations  

Agent

"Agent" means any person authorized by another person to act for him. Source: Corporation Commission, Oil and Gas Conservation, Oklahoma Administrative Code 165:10, February 2013. Regulations  

Agent

An agent means any person, natural or legal, engaged on behalf of the owner, charterer or operator of a ship, or the owner of the cargo, in providing shipping services, including managing arrangements for the ship being the subject of a marine safety investigation. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.255(84), Code of the International Standards and Recommended Practices for a Safety Investigation into a Marine Casualty or Marine Incident (Casualty Investigation Code), 16 May 2008, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Aggregated Alert

Aggregated Alert

Definition(s)

Aggregated Alert

Alert indicating the existence of multiple individual alerts. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87), Performance standards for bridge alert management, 17 May 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Aggregation

Aggregation

Definition(s)

Aggregation

Combination of individual alerts to provide one alert (one alert represents many individual alerts), e.g., imminent slowdown or shutdown of the propulsion system alarm at the navigation bridge. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Code on Alarms and Indicators, 2009, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  

Aggregation

Combination of individual alerts to provide one alert (one alert represents plenty of individual alerts). Source: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87), Performance standards for bridge alert management, 17 May 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Agreement Between Goals

Agreement Between Goals

Definition(s)

Agreement Between Goals

Agreement between goals as mentioned in the second subsection, means that the goals are consistent and not contradictory. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Management Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Alarm

Alarm

Definition(s)

Alarm

An alarm is a high-priority alert.  Condition requiring immediate attention and action by the bridge team, to maintain the safe navigation of the ship. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87), Performance standards for bridge alert management, 17 May 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance

Alarm

An alarm is a high priority of an alert condition requiring immediate attention and action, to maintain the safe navigation and operation of the ship. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Code on Alarms and Indicators, 2009, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance

Alarm Set Point

Alarm Set Point

Definition(s)

Alarm Set Point (signals and alarms)

Fixed or adjustable setting of the apparatus that is intended to preset the level of concentration at which the apparatus will automatically initiate an indication, alarm or other output function. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global Standards  

Alarm Setpoint

Alarm setpoint is a fixed or adjustable setting at which the system will automatically indicate an alarm. The FSS Code, chapter 16, limits the maximum alarm setpoint to the equivalent of 30% of the lower flammable limit. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1370, Guidelines for the design, construction and testing of fixed hydrocarbon gas detection systems, 22 June 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
ALARP

ALARP

Definition(s)

ALARP

As Low As Reasonably Practicable. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards Source: Oil & Gas UK, Guidelines on subsea BOP systems, Issue 1, July 2012, Global Standards Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: 117 OLF, Norwegian Oil and Gas Association recommended guidelines for Well Integrity, No. 117, Revision No. 4, June 2011. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards

ALARP

As low as reasonably practical. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

ALARP

Implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources/assets) of further risk reduction is disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure
  • Note: 1 to entry: See UK HSE
Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards  

ALARP/ALARA

"As Low as Reasonably Practicable" (ALARP) is a commonly applied, judgement-based, principle to assess whether risk controls/barriers are sufficient. It recognises the concept of proportionality between costs and efforts expended, and risk reduction benefit. "As Low as (is) Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA) is based on similar principles to ensure the residual risk will be as low as reasonably practicable. The principle recognises that it is generally not possible to eliminate risk entirely, but it aims to demonstrate that the risk of an activity has been reduced to a level acceptable to stakeholders. To reduce a risk to a level "as low as reasonably practicable" represents the point where the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. The UK HSE has produced extensive guidance on ALARP, including "Principles and guidelines ro assist HSE in its judgements that duty-holders have reduced risk as low as reasonably practicable" http:/ /www.hse.gov.uk/risk/theory/alarpl.htm. In the United States of America, ALARA is almost exclusively used in the field of radiation protection and is defined in Tide 10, Section 20.1003 of the Code ofFederal Regulations (10 CFR20.1003). Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards

ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk.  Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

A phrase used in the Regulations and the Act. The concept has been elaborated in various legal judgements. (There is voluminous relevant guidance available from Australia and elsewhere, e.g. the UK HSE.) (The related phrase “reasonably practicable” is used frequently in the Act.)The legal definition of “reasonably practicable” was set out in England by Lord Justice Asquith in Edwards v National Coal Board [1949] who said: “‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice involved in the measures necessary for averting the risk (whether in money, time or trouble) is placed in the other; and that if it be shown that there is a gross disproportion between them — the risk being insignificant in relation to the sacrifice — the defendants discharge the onus on them. Moreover, this computation falls to be made by the owner at a point of time anterior to the accident.” This English decision has since been confirmed by the Australian High Court. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

ALARP

This term refers to reducing risk to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable. In practice, this means that the operator has to show through reasoned and supported arguments that there are no other practicable options that could reasonably be adopted to reduce risks further. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance
Alcohol–resistant foam concentrate (AR)

Alcohol–resistant foam concentrate (AR)

Definition(s)

Alcohol–resistant foam concentrate (AR)

Alcohol–resistant foam concentrate (AR) is a foam concentrate that is resistant to breakdown when applied to the surface of alcohol or other polar solvents. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1312, Revised Guidelines for the performance and testing criteria, and surveys of foam concentrates for fixed fire-extinguishing systems, 10 June 2009, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance 
Alert

Alert

Definition(s)

Alert

Alerts announce abnormal situations and conditions requiring attention. Alerts are divided in four priorities: emergency alarms, alarms, warnings and cautions. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Code on Alarms and Indicators, 2009, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization, Regulatory Guidance  

Alert

Alerts are announcing abnormal situations and conditions requiring attention. Alerts are divided in four priorities: emergency alarms, alarms, warnings and cautions.  An alert provides information about a defined  state change in connection with information about how to announce this event in a defined way to the system and the operator. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87), Performance standards for bridge alert management, 17 May 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  

Alert

A notification that a specific attack has been detected or directed at an organization’s information systems. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards
Alert Announcements

Alert Announcements

Definition(s)

Alert Announcements

Visual and acoustical presentation of alerts. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87), Performance standards for bridge alert management, 17 May 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Alert History List

Alert History List

Definition(s)

Alert History List

Accessible list of past alerts. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87), Performance standards for bridge alert management, 17 May 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Alert Management

Alert Management

Definition(s)

Alert Management

Concept for the harmonized regulation of the monitoring, handling, distribution and presentation of alerts on the bridge. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87), Performance standards for bridge alert management, 17 May 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
All Concerned

All Concerned

Definition(s)

All Concerned

All concerned’ means persons working offshore as well as those with supervisory responsibilities onshore, and includes both operator and contractor employees. Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory Guidance
All Phases

All Phases

Definition(s)

All Phases

All phases also mean periods in which the facility or parts of the facility are temporarily or permanently shut down. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Activities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: Guidelines Regarding the Technical and Operational Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
All Practicable Steps

All Practicable Steps

Definition(s)

All Practicable Steps

Employers have a general duty to take all practicable steps to ensure the safety of employees (section 6). In particular, they are required to take all practicable steps to: • Provide and maintain a safe working environment; • Provide and maintain facilities for the safety and health of employees at work; • Ensure that machinery and equipment is safe for employees; • Ensure that working arrangements are not hazardous to employees; and • Provide procedures to deal with emergencies that may arise while employees are at work. Taking “all practicable steps” means doing what is reasonably able to be done in the circumstances, taking into account: • The severity of any injury or harm to health that may occur; • The degree of risk or probability of that injury or harm occurring; • How much is known about the hazard and the ways of eliminating, reducing or controlling it; and • The availability, effectiveness and cost of possible safeguards. An employer or other person is only required to take “all practicable steps” in relation to circumstances that they know, or ought reasonably to know about (section 2A). Source: Guidelines for Occupational Diving 2004, Occupational Safety and Health Service, New Zealand, updated October 2010. Regulatory Guidance  

All Practicable Steps

Taking “all practicable steps” means doing what is reasonably able to be done in the circumstances, taking into account: • The severity of any injury or harm to health that may occur; • The degree of risk or probability of that injury or harm occurring; • How much is known about the hazard and the ways of eliminating, reducing or controlling it; and • The availability, effectiveness and cost of the possible safeguards. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance  

All Practicable Steps

(1) In this Act, all practicable steps, in relation to achieving any result in any circumstances, means all steps to achieve the result that it is reasonably practicable to take in the circumstances, having regard to— (a) the nature and severity of the harm that may be suffered if the result is not achieved; and (b) the current state of knowledge about the likelihood that harm of that nature and severity will be suffered if the result is not achieved; and (c) the current state of knowledge about harm of that nature; and (d) the current state of knowledge about the means available to achieve the result, and about the likely efficacy of each of those means; and (e) the availability and cost of each of those means. (2) To avoid doubt, a person required by this Act to take all practicable steps is required to take those steps only in respect of circumstances that the person knows or ought reasonably to know about. Source: Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Public Act 1992 No 96, New Zealand, as of 1 July 2011. Legislation
Alternative Activation System

Alternative Activation System

Definition(s)

Alternative Activation System

An alternative activation system, as mentioned, means an emergency control system that is acoustically operated, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) operated or remote-controlled in some other way (Auto shear and dead man system on DP rigs). Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Alternative Design and Arrangements

Alternative Design and Arrangements

Definition(s)

Alternative Design and Arrangements

Alternative design and arrangements means fire safety measures which deviate from the prescriptive requirement(s) of SOLAS chapter II-2, but are suitable to satisfy the fire safety objective(s) and the functional requirements of that chapter. The term includes a wide range of measures, including alternative shipboard structures and systems based on novel or unique designs, as well as traditional shipboard structures and systems that are installed in alternative arrangements or configurations. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1002, Guidelines on alternative design and arrangements for fire safety, 26 June 2001, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  

Alternative Design and Arrangements

Alternative design and arrangements means measures which deviate from the prescriptive requirement(s) of SOLAS chapters II-1 or III, but are suitable to satisfy the intent of that chapter. The term includes a wide range of measures, including alternative shipboard structures and systems based on novel or unique designs, as well as traditional shipboard structures and systems that are installed in alternative arrangements or configurations. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1212, Guidelines on alternative design and arrangements for SOLAS chapters II-1 and III, 15 December 2006, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  
Alternative Futures Analysis

Alternative Futures Analysis

Definition(s)

Alternative Futures Analysis

Set of techniques used to explore different future states developed by varying a set of key trends, drivers, and/or conditions. Sample Usage: Strategic analysts used alternative futures analysis to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed policy in different possible futures. Extended Definition: includes forecasts, scenario analysis, and visioning. Annotation:
  1. This type of analysis can be used to test assumptions about future conditions, as well as identify ―weak signals‖ of trends that could be significant in the future and ―wildcard events‖ that – while unlikely – would have high impact should they occur.
  2. Alternative futures analysis can also test the robustness of alternative strategies, policies, or capabilities by evaluating the effectiveness of each, and evaluating trade-offs or complementarities among them, in a variety of potential future states ranging from the highly challenging to the visionary.
  3. Similar methods can be used to develop a statement of vision to motivate an organization to create the future it prefers in light of changes taking place in the environment.
Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance
Alternative System for Activation

Alternative System for Activation

Definition(s)

Alternative System for Activation

An alternative system for activation as mentioned in the fourth subsection, means a system that is acoustically operated, ROV operated or remote-controlled in some other way. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Facilities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Annex IV

Annex IV

Definition(s)

Annex IV

Annex IV – the revised Annex IV of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) as amended by resolution MEPC.115(51). Source: Resolution MEPC.159(55), Revised Guidelines on Implementation of Effluent Standards and Performance Tests for Sewage Treatment Plants, 13 October 2006, International Maritime Organization Regulatory Guidance
Antarctic waters

Antarctic waters

Definition(s)

Antarctic waters

Antarctic waters means those waters which are south of 60° S. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance
Anti-fouling Coating system

Anti-fouling Coating system

Definition(s)

Anti-fouling Coating system

Anti-fouling coating system means the combination of all component coatings, surface treatments (including primer, sealer, binder, anti-corrosive and anti-fouling coatings) or other surface treatments, used on a ship to control or prevent attachment of unwanted aquatic organisms. Source: Resolution MEPC.207(62), 2011 Guidelines for the control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species, 15 July 2011, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance