Absolute Pressure

Absolute Pressure

Definition(s)

Absolute Pressure

Internal pressure that the equipment is designed to contain and/or control, or that is zero-referenced against a perfect vacuum; measured in “psia”. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Absolute Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure plus applied pressure.

Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards

Absolute Pressure

Pressure measured with respect to zero pressure; the sum of atmospheric pressure and gauge pressure. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Absolute Pressure Dependency

Absolute Pressure Dependency

Definition(s)

Absolute Pressure Dependency

A condition in which a tool has an atmospheric or nonpressure balanced chamber, or seals having multiple sealing elements in a common seal gland, or seal systems having multiple seal glands where an atmospheric space can exist between glands.

Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards
Absolute Temperature

Absolute Temperature

Definition(s)

Absolute Temperature

Temperature measured with respect to absolute zero, in degrees Rankine or degrees Kelvin. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Absolute Viscosity

Absolute Viscosity

Definition(s)

Absolute Viscosity

dynamic relationship between a force and the fluid motion. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Absolute Volume

Absolute Volume

Definition(s)

Absolute Volume

Reciprocal of absolute density. NOTE It is expressed as volume per unit mass. Source: API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements, First Edition, July 2005 (Reaffirmed: July 2010). Global Standards
Absolute Zero Temperature

Absolute Zero Temperature

Definition(s)

Absolute Zero Temperature

Temperature that prevents molecular motion. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Absorption

Absorption

Definition(s)

Absorption

Penetration of a chemical substance, a pathogen, or radiant energy through the skin or mucous membrane that occurs when the chemicals are transported from the outer surface of the skin into the systemic circulation.
  • NOTE: Should this occur, the chemical then moves through the circulatory system, which depending on the properties of the chemical could cause organ damage or illness.
Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards
AC

AC

Definition(s)

AC

Alternating current. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems, Second Edition, December 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global Standards Source: API RP 7G-2, Recommended Practice for Inspection and Classification of Used Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, August 2009. Global Standards Source: API RP 67, Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, May 2007. Global Standards
AC-Field

AC-Field

Definition(s)

AC-Field

Magnetic field induced by alternating current. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
ACC

ACC

Definition(s)

ACC

American Chemistry Council.

Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards

ACC

Acceptable ceiling concentration. Source: API RP 49, Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide, Third Edition, May 2001. Global Standards
Acceleration

Acceleration

Definition(s)

Acceleration

Rate of change in velocity. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Accelerator

Accelerator

Definition(s)

Accelerator

Substance which, when mixed with a catalyst or a resin, will speed up the chemical reaction between catalyst and resin.
  • Note:1 to entry: The misuse of a cobalt mixture directly with a peroxide (e.g methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) -catalyst) might cause an explosion or fire.
Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards
Acceptable Ceiling Concentration

Acceptable Ceiling Concentration

Definition(s)

Acceptable ceiling concentration (ACC)

The designated level of an air contaminant to which an employee may be exposed at any time during an 8-hour shift, except for a time period and up to a concentration not exceeding the “acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hour shift.” Source: API RP 49, Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide, Third Edition, May 2001. Global Standards
Acceptance Criteria

Acceptance Criteria

Definition(s)

Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, equipment, processes, or services. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, equipment, processes, or service.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process or product characteristics. Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Acceptance criteria (definition at Rule 2(a)) means the upper limit of acceptable risk related to major accidents and risk related to the environment. Major accident means an accident involving several serious personal injuries or deaths or an accident that jeopardises the integrity of the facility. Environmental risk means the risk of pollution. Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory Guidance

Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products or services . Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process, service, or product characteristics. Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process or product characteristics. Source:ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

The limits for the risk to be acceptable (Arbo Regulation Article 3.2). Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 7, Rescue at Sea, Netherlands, Version 0, January 2008. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

“Acceptance criteria” means criteria used to express a risk level that is considered acceptable for the activity in question, limited to the high level expressions of risk. Source: Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, India, 18th June 2008. Regulations   

Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, or services. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards
Acceptance Inspection

Acceptance Inspection

Definition(s)

Acceptance Inspection

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process, service, or product characteristics . Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards  

Acceptance Inspection

Demonstration through monitoring or measurement that the product complies with specified requirements. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards Source:ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global Standards
Access

Access

Definition(s)

Access

The ability and means to communicate with or otherwise interact with a system, to use system resources to handle information, to gain knowledge of the information the system contains, or to control system components and functions. From: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards  

Access

Handling of materials and transport routes, access and evacuation routes: The terms transport, access and evacuation routes also include stairs, doors, hatches, etc. Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory Guidance

Access

Ability and means to communicate with or otherwise interact with a system in order to use system resources.
  • NOTE: Access may involve physical access (authorization to be allowed physically in an area, possession of a physical key lock, PIN code, or access card or biometric attributes that allow access) or logical access (authorization to log in to a system and application, through a combination of logical and physical means).
Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard

Access and Identity Management

Access and Identity Management

Definition(s)

Access and Identity Management

The process of granting or denying specific requests for or attempts to: 1) obtain and use information and related information processing services; and 2) enter specific physical facilities. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards
Access Control

Access Control

Definition(s)

 Access Control

A process by which entry into and internal movement within a facility is managed. Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards

Access Control

The process of granting or denying specific requests for or attempts to: 1) obtain and use information and related information processing services; and 2) enter specific physical facilities. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards  

Access Control

Means to ensure that access to assets is authorized and restricted based on business and security requirements. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Access Control

Protection of system resources against unauthorized access; a process by which use of system resources is regulated according to a security policy and is permitted by only authorized entities (users, programs, processes, or other systems) according to that policy [11]. Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard  

Canadian Standards Association

The control of persons, vehicles, and materials through entrances and exits of a restricted area.
  • Note: Access control is an aspect of security that often utilizes a combination of electronic and hardware systems and specialized procedures to control and monitor movement into, out of, and within a restricted area. Access to various areas might be limited to place or time or a combination of both.
(Source: www.asisonline.org, 2006) Source: Canadian Standards Association, Z246.1-09, Security management for petroleum and natural gas industry systems, August 2009, Regional Standards

Access Control Mechanism

Access Control Mechanism

Definition(s)

Access Control Mechanism

Security measures designed to detect and deny unauthorized access and permit authorized access to an information system or a physical facility. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards
Access Control Point

Access Control Point

Definition(s)

Access Control Point

Means those control points that are used on a daily basis to control ingress/egress to the facility. Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards
Accessibility

Accessibility

Definition(s)

Accessibility

Extent to which products, systems, services, environments and facilities can be used by people from a population with the widest range of characteristics and capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a specified context of use [SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, 2.1, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry omitted]
  • Note 1 to entry: Products, systems, services and facilities are part of work systems (2.2) and used by workers (2.4) within those systems.
  • Note 2 to entry: In this International Standard, the context of use is within a work system.
Source: ISO 6385:2016, Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems, Third Edition, September 2016. Global Standards
Accessible

Accessible

Definition(s)

Accessible (as applied to equipment)

Admitting close approach: not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. (See accessible, readily.) Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Accessible (as applied to wiring methods)

Capable of being removed or exposed without damaging the building structure or finish, or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Accessible, readily

Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections, without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, etc. [See accessible (as applied to equipment).] Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Accessible Wetted Surface

Accessible Wetted Surface

Definition(s)

Accessible Wetted Surface

Wetted surface for purposes of non-destructive examination that can be viewed by direct line of sight. NOTE This excludes test ports, control line ports, lockdown screw holes and other penetrations of these types. Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards  

Accessible Wetted Service

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process, service, or product characteristics . Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global Standards
Accessories

Accessories

Definition(s)

Accessories

Accessories are items that are required to be tied to a “host” string item to define a system. This is done to be able to logically represent string items which are too complex to be given as just a stand-alone item of the string. Only two such “host” string items, or string items with accessories, have been defined to date. These are the electrical submersible pump (ESP) and downhole permanent gauge (DHPG) systems. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Accessory Material

Accessory Material

Definition(s)

Accessory Material

Seamless casing or tubing, or seamless thick-walled tubes or mechanical tubes, or bar stock or hot forgings used for the manufacture of accessories. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global Standards
Accident

Accident

Definition(s)

Accident

“Accident” means a fortuitous event that results in the death of or injury to any person involved in a diving operation (accident). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Diving Regulations, SOR/88-600, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Area Petroleum Diving Regulations, SOR/95-189, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations  

Accident

Accident includes the contraction of a disease. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation  

Accident

Accident means an event that. (a) causes any person to be harmed; or (b) in different circumstances, might have caused any person to be harmed. Source: Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Public Act 1992 No 96, New Zealand, as of 1 July 2011. Legislation  

Accident

“Accident” means an incident that results in a hazard causing harm to a worker. Source:  Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations  

Accident

Event or chain of events which cause, or could have caused, injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. GlobalStandards  

Accident

See Incident. As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards  

Accident

An event that causes any person to be harmed, or in different circumstances might have caused any person to be harmed. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance
Accidental Limit State

Accidental Limit State

Definition(s)

Accidental Limit State

Events with an annual probability of exceedance less than 10-2 and larger than 10-4.
  • NOTE: 1 The accidental limit state (ALS) corresponds to conditions with a longer return period than ULS. ALS requires that the system survive, but has a higher risk of damage than ULS conditions.
  • NOTE: 2 When considering potential damaged conditions, the damage should not lead to an escalation of undesirable events.
    • EXAMPLE A failed mooring line, a flooded compartment, a tensioner failure, a tubing leak or unintended shut in conditions are some ALS cases.
Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Accidental Limit States

Accidental Limit States

Definition(s)

Accidental Limit States (ALS)

Ensures that the structure resists accidental loads and maintain integrity and performance of the structure due to local damage or flooding. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards
Accidental Load

Accidental Load

Definition(s)

Accidental Load

Load caused by accidental occurrence. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17L1, Specification for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Accidental Load

Load(s) which are imposed on the C/WO riser system under abnormal and unplanned conditions.
  • EXAMPLES Loss of vessel station-keeping and heave compensator lock-up.
Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards  

Accidental Load

Accidental loads are loads caused by accidental occurrences. Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Accidental Loads

Accidental Loads

Definition(s)

Accidental Loads

Accidental loads are loads caused by accidental occurrences. Examples include 1000-yr wave and current loads, operational malfunction, and loads from impacts/collisions. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

Accidental Loads

Loads imposed on the riser system from unplanned conditions/occurrences during a reduced extreme environmental event or by survival environmental events. EXAMPLE Loads resulting from loss of vessel station-keeping and tensioner lock-up are examples of accidental loads Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

Accidental Loads

Accidental loads are loads which occur as a direct result of an accident or exceptional circumstances, e.g., loads due to collisions, dropped objects and explosions, etc. See also 4.16. Source: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Mobile Offshore Units, Part 4, Steel Unit Structures, June 2013, Lloyd’s Register, Global Standards

Accidental Loads

Accidental loads are project-specific, and should be verified by a special risk analysis for the actual application. Accidental loads can include dropped objects, snag loads (fishing gear, anchors), abnormal environmental loads (earthquake), etc. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards  

Accidental Loads

Accidental loads (or low probability of occurrence loads) are loads related to abnormal operations or technical failure. Accidental loads are defined as events with a probability less than 10−2 and larger than 10−4. EXAMPLES Loads caused by vessel tensioner system failure or motion compensator system failure, e.g. loss of top tension or heave compensator lock-up, loss of dynamic positioning system (drive-off or drift-off) are examples of accidental loads. Loads caused by emergency operation, loss of buoyancy, change in intended pressure difference, unintended change in ballast distribution, fire, explosions, collision impact from infrequent vessel/riser interference, dropped objects and extreme environmental conditions are also accidental. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards  

Accidental Loads

“Accidental loads” means loads which the facility can be subjected to in the event of incorrect use, technical failure or an undesirable external effect. Source: Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, India, 18th June 2008. Regulations